#include "winselfmap.h"
#include "alerts.h"
#include "hook.h"

Functions
static void	IntWinSelfMapSelfMapUpdate (QWORD ModifiedCr3, WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT *Process, QWORD NewValue)
	Updates the self map entry value for a process. More...

static INTSTATUS	IntWinSelfMapHandleCr3SelfMapModification (QWORD NewValue, QWORD OldValue, WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT *Process, QWORD Cr3)
	Handles self map entry modifications for a process. More...

static INTSTATUS	IntWinSelfMapCheckSelfMapEntry (WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT Process, const QWORD CurrentKernelValue, const QWORD *CurrentUserValue)
	Checks the self map entry for a given process. More...

static INTSTATUS	IntWinSelfMapHandleCr3SelfMapWrite (WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT Context, void Hook, QWORD Address, INTRO_ACTION *Action)
	Handles writes done to the self map entry inside a process page tables. More...

TIMER_FRIENDLY INTSTATUS	IntWinSelfMapValidateSelfMapEntries (void)
	Validates the self map entries for every process in the system. More...

INTSTATUS	IntWinSelfMapEnableSelfMapEntryProtection (void)
	Enables the self map protection mechanism for the entire system. More...

INTSTATUS	IntWinSelfMapGetAndCheckSelfMapEntry (WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT *Process)
	Sets and validates the self map entry values for a process. More...

INTSTATUS	IntWinSelfMapDisableSelfMapEntryProtection (void)
	Disables the self map entry protection for all the processes on the system. More...

INTSTATUS	IntWinSelfMapProtectSelfMapIndex (WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT *Process)
	Protects the self map index of a process by placing an EPT write hook on it. More...

INTSTATUS	IntWinSelfMapUnprotectSelfMapIndex (WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT *Process)
	Removes the EPT protection for the self map entry index of a process. More...

Variables
LIST_HEAD	gWinProcesses
	The list of all the processes inside the guest. More...

Function Documentation

◆ IntWinSelfMapCheckSelfMapEntry()

static INTSTATUS IntWinSelfMapCheckSelfMapEntry	(	WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT *	Process,
		const QWORD *	CurrentKernelValue,
		const QWORD *	CurrentUserValue
	)

static

Checks the self map entry for a given process.

This function verifies if any relevant bits have changed in the self map entry inside the Process page table. If it detects any changes, it lets IntWinSelfMapHandleCr3SelfMapModification handle those. The relevant changes are defined by SELF_MAP_ENTRY_IS_DETECTION.

If the process is swapped-out, the function does nothing.

Parameters

[in,out]	Process	The process for which the checks are done
[in]	CurrentKernelValue	The current value of the kernel Cr3. If this is NULL, the value will be read from the guest
[in]	CurrentUserValue	The current value of the user Cr3. If KPTI is not enabled this should be NULL. If KPTI is enabled and this process has different Cr3 values for user and kernel mode, the value will be read from the guest

Returns: INT_STATUS_SUCCESS If successful, or an appropriate INTSTATUS error value.; INT_STATUS_NOT_NEEDED_HINT If the process is swapped-out.

Definition at line 141 of file winselfmap.c.

Referenced by IntWinSelfMapEnableSelfMapEntryProtection(), IntWinSelfMapGetAndCheckSelfMapEntry(), and IntWinSelfMapValidateSelfMapEntries().

◆ IntWinSelfMapDisableSelfMapEntryProtection()

INTSTATUS IntWinSelfMapDisableSelfMapEntryProtection ( void )

Disables the self map entry protection for all the processes on the system.

This will deactivate protection and will remove any hooks set by IntWinSelfMapProtectSelfMapIndex

Return values

INT_STATUS_SUCCESS	in case of success
INT_STATUS_NOT_INITIALIZED_HINT	if the guest is not initialized or the protection is not active
INT_STATUS_NOT_NEEDED_HINT	if the guest is not Windows, not using 4- or 5-level paging (the other paging modes do not use the self map mechanism)

Definition at line 656 of file winselfmap.c.

Referenced by IntGuestUpdateCoreOptions().

◆ IntWinSelfMapEnableSelfMapEntryProtection()

INTSTATUS IntWinSelfMapEnableSelfMapEntryProtection ( void )

Enables the self map protection mechanism for the entire system.

It will first check the self map index of every process using IntWinSelfMapCheckSelfMapEntry, then the actual protection will be activated using IntWinSelfMapProtectSelfMapIndex.

Return values

INT_STATUS_SUCCESS	in case of success
INT_STATUS_NOT_INITIALIZED_HINT	if the guest is not initialized or the protection is not active
INT_STATUS_NOT_NEEDED_HINT	if the guest is not Windows, not using 4- or 5-level paging (the other paging modes do not use the self map mechanism)

Definition at line 516 of file winselfmap.c.

Referenced by IntGuestUpdateCoreOptions().

◆ IntWinSelfMapGetAndCheckSelfMapEntry()

INTSTATUS IntWinSelfMapGetAndCheckSelfMapEntry ( WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT * Process )

Sets and validates the self map entry values for a process.

If KPTI enabled for Process, this will read and validate both the kernel and the user Cr3. If not, only the kernel Cr3 will be considered, as the user Cr3 will be 0. The values are obtained from the _KPROCESS kernel structure. If the INTRO_OPT_PROT_KM_SELF_MAP_ENTRY option was used, and a malicious change of the self map value is detected, an alert will eventually be sent. If the process is swapped-out, the function does nothing.

Parameters

[in,out] Process The process for which the values are read and validated

Return values

INT_STATUS_SUCCESS	in case of success
INT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1	if Process is NULL
INT_STATUS_NOT_INITIALIZED_HINT	if the guest is not initialized or the protection is not active
INT_STATUS_NOT_NEEDED_HINT	if the guest is not Windows, not using 4- or 5-level paging (the other paging modes do not use the self map mechanism) or the process is swapped-out.

Definition at line 579 of file winselfmap.c.

Referenced by IntWinProcCreateProcessObject(), and IntWinProcDeleteProcessObject().

◆ IntWinSelfMapHandleCr3SelfMapModification()

static INTSTATUS IntWinSelfMapHandleCr3SelfMapModification	(	QWORD	NewValue,
		QWORD	OldValue,
		WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT *	Process,
		QWORD	Cr3
	)

static

Handles self map entry modifications for a process.

Parameters

[in]	NewValue	The new self map entry value
[in]	OldValue	The old self map entry value
[in,out]	Process	The process for which the change was done
[in]	Cr3	The Cr3 for which the change was done

Return values

INT_STATUS_SUCCESS always

Definition at line 41 of file winselfmap.c.

Referenced by IntWinSelfMapCheckSelfMapEntry().

◆ IntWinSelfMapHandleCr3SelfMapWrite()

static INTSTATUS IntWinSelfMapHandleCr3SelfMapWrite	(	WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT *	Context,
		void *	Hook,
		QWORD	Address,
		INTRO_ACTION *	Action
	)

static

Handles writes done to the self map entry inside a process page tables.

This is the handler of the EPT hook set by IntWinSelfMapProtectSelfMapIndex, which will be done for processes that are already protected. For processes that are not protected, the self map checks are done using the integrity mechanism by the IntWinSelfMapValidateSelfMapEntries function. In cases in which the present bit is removed, the hook on the page table entry is removed. This happens for privileged processes that do not keep their user Cr3 value. If the old value is 0, the action is allowed even if it would normally justify a detection, as we have to let the operating system load a Cr3 value if there is nothing loaded at the moment.

Parameters

[in,out]	Context	The process for which the change was made
[in]	Hook	The HOOK_GPA for which this callback was invoked
[in]	Address	The accessed guest physical address
[out]	Action	The action that must be taken

Returns: INT_STATUS_SUCCESS if successful, or an appropriate INTSTATUS error value

Definition at line 252 of file winselfmap.c.

Referenced by IntWinSelfMapProtectSelfMapIndex().

◆ IntWinSelfMapProtectSelfMapIndex()

INTSTATUS IntWinSelfMapProtectSelfMapIndex ( WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT * Process )

Protects the self map index of a process by placing an EPT write hook on it.

Essentially, this will protect the user/supervisor bit, in order to make sure that user mode code can not access the page tables. Currently, this is enabled only for the system process, as other processes may swap out their Cr3 contents. Processes that have their self map entry protected in this way will have an EPT hook set on the page of their kernel and user Cr3 (if KPTI is enabled). Because of this, care should be taken when activating this for processes, as it may have a negative impact on performance because the kernel may do a lot of writes on those pages. This is manageable for processes that are already protected, as we have other hooks placed on their page tables already. The EPT hook handler used is IntWinSelfMapHandleCr3SelfMapWrite.

Parameters

[in] Process The process for which the protection is activated

Return values

INT_STATUS_SUCCESS	in case of success
INT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1	if Process is NULL
INT_STATUS_NOT_NEEDED_HINT	if the guest is not Windows, not using 4- or 5-level paging (the other paging modes do not use the self map mechanism)

Definition at line 710 of file winselfmap.c.

Referenced by IntWinProcChangeProtectionFlags(), IntWinProcCreateProcessObject(), and IntWinSelfMapEnableSelfMapEntryProtection().

◆ IntWinSelfMapSelfMapUpdate()

static void IntWinSelfMapSelfMapUpdate	(	QWORD	ModifiedCr3,
		WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT *	Process,
		QWORD	NewValue
	)

static

Updates the self map entry value for a process.

Parameters

[in]	ModifiedCr3	Used to signal which Cr3 is changed. If KPTI is enabled, this can either be the kernel (is it is equal to WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT.Cr3), or the user (if it is not) Cr3.
[in,out]	Process	The process which will be updated. If ModifiedCr3 is equal to WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT.Cr3, the WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT.SelfMapEntryValue field will be updated; otherwise, the WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT.UserSelfMapEntryValue field will be updated
[in]	NewValue	The new value to be used

Definition at line 13 of file winselfmap.c.

Referenced by IntWinSelfMapHandleCr3SelfMapModification(), and IntWinSelfMapHandleCr3SelfMapWrite().

◆ IntWinSelfMapUnprotectSelfMapIndex()

INTSTATUS IntWinSelfMapUnprotectSelfMapIndex ( WIN_PROCESS_OBJECT * Process )

Removes the EPT protection for the self map entry index of a process.

This removes the EPT hooks set by IntWinSelfMapProtectSelfMapIndex.

Parameters

[in] Process The process for which the protection is removed.

Return values

INT_STATUS_SUCCESS	in case of success
INT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1	if Process is NULL

Definition at line 802 of file winselfmap.c.

Referenced by IntWinProcChangeProtectionFlags(), IntWinProcDeleteProcessObject(), and IntWinSelfMapDisableSelfMapEntryProtection().

◆ IntWinSelfMapValidateSelfMapEntries()

TIMER_FRIENDLY INTSTATUS IntWinSelfMapValidateSelfMapEntries ( void )

Validates the self map entries for every process in the system.

This function is used by the integrity mechanism in order to perform self map entry validations. Due to performance reasons, we can't hook the self map entry for every process in the system. For processes that are already protected this is not a problem, as we already have hooks placed inside their page tables. For the other processes we delegate the check to the periodic integrity callback. It uses the IntWinSelfMapCheckSelfMapEntry function to check the self map entry for every process on the system.

Return values

INT_STATUS_SUCCESS	in case of success
INT_STATUS_NOT_INITIALIZED_HINT	if the guest is not initialized or the protection is not active
INT_STATUS_NOT_NEEDED_HINT	if the guest is not Windows, not using 4- or 5-level paging (the other paging modes do not use the self map mechanism), or if the INTRO_OPT_PROT_KM_SELF_MAP_ENTRY activation option was not provided

Definition at line 453 of file winselfmap.c.

Referenced by IntHandleTimer().

Variable Documentation

◆ gWinProcesses

LIST_HEAD gWinProcesses

The list of all the processes inside the guest.

Definition at line 11 of file winprocesshp.c.

Functions

Variables

Function Documentation

◆ IntWinSelfMapCheckSelfMapEntry()

◆ IntWinSelfMapDisableSelfMapEntryProtection()

◆ IntWinSelfMapEnableSelfMapEntryProtection()

◆ IntWinSelfMapGetAndCheckSelfMapEntry()

◆ IntWinSelfMapHandleCr3SelfMapModification()

◆ IntWinSelfMapHandleCr3SelfMapWrite()

◆ IntWinSelfMapProtectSelfMapIndex()

◆ IntWinSelfMapSelfMapUpdate()

◆ IntWinSelfMapUnprotectSelfMapIndex()

◆ IntWinSelfMapValidateSelfMapEntries()

Variable Documentation

◆ gWinProcesses